The Life Of Charles Dickens (1113 words) Essay Example For Students

The Life Of Charles Dickens (1113 words) Essay The Life of Charles DickensINTRODUCTION This report will talk about the life of a famous author, Charles Dickens. It will tell you about his early, middle, and later years of his life. It will also talk about one of his great works of literature. In conclusion, this report will show a comparison of his work to his life. EARLY LIFECharles Dickens was born at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay-Office, and was temporarily on duty in the neighborhood when Charles was born. His name was John Dickens. He spent time in prison for debts. But, even when he was freehe lacked the money to support his family. Then, when Charles was two they moved to London. 1 Just before he started to toddle, he stepped into the glare of footlights. He never stepped out of it until he died. He was a good man, as men go in the bewildering world of ours, brave, transparent, tender-hearted, and honorable. Dickens was always a little too irritable because he was a little too happy. Like the over-wrought child in society, he was splendidly sociable, and in and yet sometimes quarrelsome. In all the practical relations of his life he was what the child is at a party, genuinely delighted, delightful, affectionate and happy, and in some strange way fundamentally sad and dangerously close to tears. 2 At the age of 12 Charles worked in a London factory pasting labels on bottles of shoe polish. He held the job only for a few months, but the misery of the experience remain with him all his life. 3 Dickens attended school off and on until he was 15, and then left for good. He enjoyed reading and was especially fond of adventure stories, fairy tales, and novels. He was influenced by such earlier English writers as William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollet, and Henry Fielding. However,most of the knowledge he later used as an author came from his environment around him. 4MIDDLE LIFEDickens became a newspaper writer and reporter in the late 1820s. He specialized in covering debates in Parliament, and also wrote feature articles. His work as a reporter sharpened his naturally keen ear for conversation and helped develop his skill in portraying his characters speachrealistically. It also increased his ability to observe and to write swiftly and clearly. Dickens first book, Sketches b y Boz (1836) consisted of articles he wrote for the Monthly Magazine and the London Evening Chronicles.5 On April 2, 1836 he married Catherine Hogarth. This was just a few days before the anoucement that on the 31st he would have his first work printed in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. And this was the beginning of his career. 6 Then, at 24, Dickens became famous and was so until he died. He won his first literary fame with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Published in monthly parts in 1836 and 1837 the book describes the humorous adventure and misadventures of the English Countryside. After a slow start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was usually called gained a popularity seldom matched in the history of literature. 7 Then in 1837, Catherines sister Mary, died. Because of her death Dickens suffered a lot of grief. This led some scholars to believe that Dickens loved Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a good woman but she lacked intelligence. Dickens a nd Catherine had 10 children. Then later in 1858, the couple seperated. 8 LATER LIFEHis later years was basically consisting of two main additions to his previous activites. The first was a series of public readings and lectures which he began giving it systematically. And second, he was a successive editor. Dickens had been many things in his life; he was a reporter , an actor, a conjurer, a poet, a lecturer, and a editor and he enjoyed all of those things. 9 Dickens had a remarkable mental and physical energy. He recorded all his activites in thousands of letter, many of which made delightful readings. He spent much of his later life with crowded social friends from arts and literature. He also went to the theater as often as he could, cause heloved drama. Dickens also produced and acted in small theaters to give public readings of hiswork.10 Besides doing all this after his retirement he got involved in various charities . These charities included schools for poor children and a loan society to enable the poor to prove to Australia. 11 Then about 1865 his health started to decline and he died of a stroke on June 9, 1870. 12Dickens Work The Great Expectations This story talks about a guy who is in love with a girl. It is the theme of a youths discovery of the realities of life. An unknown person provides the young hero, Pip, with money so that he can live as a gentleman. Pips pride is shattered when he learns that he loses Estella forever, the source ofhis great expectation. Only by painfully revising his values does Pip reestablish his life on a foundation of sympathy, rather than on vanity, possesions, and social position. .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .postImageUrl , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:hover , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:visited , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:active { border:0!important; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:active , .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u72b21fed35e9d19b71ca3e0a69cfad4a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Salem witch trials Essay We will write a custom essay on The Life Of Charles Dickens (1113 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Conclusion His work of Great Expectation is very related with his life. It deals with the same problems he faced when he lost Catherine and how his life was before he became rich and famous. He also created scenes and descriptions of places that have longed delighted readers. Dickens was a keenobserver of life and had a great understanding of humanity, especially of young people. The warmth and humor of his personality appeared in all of his works. Perhaps in no other large body of fiction does the reader receive so strong and agreeable impression of the person behind thestory. Endnotes1. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of The Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg.192. Ibid, pg. 21-22 3. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph. Rev. ed. Viking, 1977, pg. 204. Ibid, pg. 275. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg. 1936. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of the Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg. 507. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg. 1938. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph. Rev. ed. Viking, 1977, pg. 539. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of the Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg. 16710. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg.195BIBLIOGRAPHYChesterton, G.K., The Last of the Great Men American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph Rev. ed. Viking, 1977. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990

Comparison between the sitcom Friends and the play of Nevilles Island Essay Example

Comparison between the sitcom Friends and the play of Nevilles Island Essay Example Comparison between the sitcom Friends and the play of Nevilles Island Essay Comparison between the sitcom Friends and the play of Nevilles Island Essay The hit sitcom Friends started ten years ago when we were first introduced to Monica, Rachael, Phoebe, Chandler, Ross and Joey and today I am going to compare the sitcom of Friends with the play of Nevilles Island which was written by Tim Firth. Nevilles Island is not only a play. It has also been recently made into a film starring Timothy Spall, Martin Clunes, Jeff Rawle and David Bamber. Friends on the other hand was written and still remains for television and for the past ten years it has been broadcast over the Atlantic to millions of eager viewers both in America and the U. K. In America Friends is broadcast over the television network of NBC compared to the U. K where it is received through Channel 4. When we first observe the film of Nevilles Island we are introduced to four businessmen, who, when their boat sinks, find themselves stranded on a small island, called Rampsholme in the middle of the Lake Districts Derwent Water. The Four Characters in Nevilles Island are on a team-building weekend, they are Neville, (Jeff Rawle), has become the elected Captain of the group, who then proves he is unfit for his position when he leads the team in the wrong direction. He does his best to maintain order in the groups arguments, and works well as a go-between as he proves to be very reasonable with his fellow peers, and he seems to be the most adjusted member of the group to island life, He is dressed in an Anorak and wears glasses. He tries his hardest to keep the peace between Angus and Gordon, (Timothy Spall) who is extremely sarcastic towards his fellow peers and seems to pick up on every little flaw in their character, which later show him to be a bully, his cruel sarcasm gives us many funny moments throughout the play of Nevilles island, such as all Christians are like Radio hams. Gordon seems to have many rants at his fellow colleagues most of which result in handbags at dawn style tension between him and Angus, (David Bamber) whom at the start of the play; he comes across as a good-natured person who is full of optimism. Angus seems to have dressed out of the camp shop side of his wardrobe so to speak as he is dressed constantly in cagoules, anoraks and knitted hats. Angus turns out to be a bit sad as he seems to bore everyone stiff, with his numerous attempts at cracking jokes. Also, later in the play where all hope seems to have to been lost he suddenly reveals a hidden sausage, which in the heating of proves to be very funny. He may also later have hindered the groups rescue as he seems to have bought the entire stock of a camping shop and told nobody about it, his shopping list includes a 18-inch knife, climbing rope and for some reason unbeknown to his fellow standees.. a dinner suit! Roy, (Martin Clunes), is a born-again Christian who has an un-kempt appearance. Roy has recently returned to work following a prolonged breakdown, after the death of his mother, Lucy, he literally hangs onto his sanity and Gordons rant about how old people only become religious because they are scared stiff, and there just grabbing, grabbing, grabbing at the rope, and no-ones holding the other end doesnt help either as this near-enough sends Roy into a relapse, and he disappears into the undergrowth with an 18-inch knife, so the group fear he may do something to harm himself, but later he is found, sat up a tree wearing only his underwear, but after he returns the knife to Neville, they fear he may take his own life again as Angus almost mile long piece of rope has gone missing, and they think he may hang himself he also reveals to Neville that he helped his mother to end her own life Roy is also a keen birdwatcher, and he takes his time on the island to observe a rare falcon, and is called amongst many other things by Gordon Doo-lally Friends is all about 6 friends who all live in the same block of apartments in New York, the show takes us through their individual strengths, weaknesses, problems and goals most of all their intertwining relationships with each other. The characters in friends are Joey Tribbiani (Matt Leblanc. ) Joey is broad-shouldered, wide-eyed and thick-headed. Joey comes from New York and is a lover who has had many partners. Joey is a not-so-good actor who never has to play-act being a good guy or a better friend, but he wants to hit the big-time as an actor. He is cheeky, and most of his jokes are sexually orientated, followed by hand gestures. Joey is sarcastic. Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry) Wise-cracks, and sets off development in characters storyline. Chandler appears to be over-qualified at work and he seems to be afraid of wife Monica. Chandler gives really bad advice. Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) Ross is the personification of an intellectual geek as he is an expert in Palaeontology. Ross is still looking for love after 3 divorces. He has always loved Rachael. Ross is quite nerdy, and (most of the time) sticks to the rule book. Rachael Green (Jennifer Aniston), Rachael comes across as an IT/ Daddys girl. She dithers a lot, and is meant to be with Ross, even though they have drifted apart many times. Monica Geller Bing (Courtney Cox Arquette) used to be a high-school fatty, but now has slimmed down to obsessive and cleaning mad Monica. She is a good sister to Ross and a friend to everyone. After marrying Chandler, Monica seems to have made him find his maturity. Phoebe Buffay Hannigan (Lisa Kudrow) a hippie chick who has led a traumatic life, her mother killed herself, her stepfather went to prison, and she lived on the streets for some of her life. She drives people mad with her out-of-key folk songs that she writes with her guitar. Phoebe can be quite dippy, but she is kind-hearted, a good spirit, and seems to take everyday as it comes. She near enough floats around and I think would have fit in perfectly in the 60s. Very off-the-wall. The sitcom of friends is set in New York and it appears to be aimed at the younger generations of the 90s and 00s, this is mainly caused by its humour and that the characters themselves are very young. In comparison to this the play of Nevilles Island is set in a remote island in the middle of a lake in the Lake District and its characters are all middle-aged around 40 years old and Nevilles Island, I think can appeal to all ages as the comedy and mishaps that occur between the four characters of Angus, Roy, Gordon and Neville could almost happen to anybody of any age. The four men in Nevilles Island are all executives of a water company and they have been sent on this team-building exercise. The friendships in either drama are very different, as the 6 friends in Friends are all immensely close and after being so for ten years they appear to have a love for each other which comes with a bond that makes their friendships so special to them, even though the group is half men, half women apart from sexual tension between Monica and Chandler, Ross and Rachael this appears to not affect their friendships whatsoever. These bonds of friendship could not be more different than in the play of Nevilles Island by Tim Firth as the four colleagues seem to have been forced to be together and this creates lots of tension between them particularly with Roy and Gordon with his rants about all Christians are like radio-hams. The four colleagues seem to be each putting up with each other constantly and we get a sense that if they had not worked in the same workplace, these four individuals would never had considered becoming friends with each other. The Two dramas of Friends and Nevilles Island have been written in the same decade and they include many moral issues and information about current affairs for example the mood of Friends was slightly changed for a while during the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attacks on the World trade centres. The home life/lifestyle has affected the personalities of all the characters in either drama such as Phoebe is slightly mad and sometimes eccentric. This may have been caused by her circumstances as a child as her mother killed herself, her stepfather went to prison, and she lived on the streets for some of her life. In Nevilles Island we see Gordon who appears to bully most people he sees by picking up on every flaw in their character and using it as ammunition against them, Gordon appears to be in denial as in fact he is very lonely but refuses to admit this. There are many themes/issues that arise from the two dramas of Nevilles Island and Friends such as Status; in Friends the 6 characters stand almost as individuals and they respect each other because of it and apart from minute outbursts from such characters as Monica giving rants about Crummies, but this is simply a part of Monicas character and does not distinguish her as having more power over fellow friends. In contrast to this there is use of Status/Power in Nevilles Island, and this comes mainly from the character Gordon bullying people and bossing them about. Gordon is not however the chosen leader of the group, who is Neville but Gordon, underestimates his given authority on the island and simply does what he wants and says what he wants regardless of their feelings. Gordon always makes sarcastic and negative comments about his fellow colleagues; this makes him feel superior and powerful to the rest of the group. Friendship is a key theme in both pieces of drama as in Friends, the entire purpose of the sitcom is to display the friendship between the 6 characters however Nevilles Island meddles with the idea of leaving work-place politics behind in order the group of them to survive, whilst on the island though we realise that this group of colleagues dont actually like each other and seem to have been forced into this team-building weekend.

Find Out What Happened to the Mayan People

Find Out What Happened to the Mayan People The fall of the Maya is one of history’s great mysteries. One of the mightiest civilizations in the ancient Americas simply fell into ruin in a very short time, leaving many wondering what happened to the ancient Maya. Mighty cities like Tikal were abandoned and Maya stonemasons stopped making temples and stelae. The dates are not in doubt: deciphered glyphs at several sites indicate a thriving culture in the ninth century A.D., but the record goes eerily silent after the last recorded date on a Maya stela, 904 A.D. Many theories exist as to what happened to the Maya, but experts display little consensus. The Disaster Theory Early Maya researchers believed that some catastrophic event may have doomed the Maya. An earthquake, volcanic eruption, or sudden epidemic disease could have destroyed cities and killed or displaced tens of thousands of people, bringing the Maya civilization crashing down. These theories have been discarded today, however, largely because of the fact that the decline of the Maya took about 200 years; some cities fell while others thrived, at least for a while longer. An earthquake, disease, or another widespread calamity would have snuffed out the great Maya cities more or less simultaneously. The Warfare Theory The Maya were once thought to have been a peaceful, Pacific culture. This image has been shattered by the historical record; new discoveries and newly deciphered stone carvings clearly indicate that the Maya battled frequently and viciously among themselves. City-states such as Dos Pilas, Tikal, Copn, and Quirigua went to war with one another often, and Dos Pilas was invaded and destroyed in 760 A.D. Some experts wonder if they went to war with one another enough to cause the collapse of their civilization, which is quite possible. War often brings with it an economic disaster and collateral damage that could have caused a domino effect in the Maya cities. Civil Strife Theory Staying with a theory of unrest, some researchers believe civil war may have been a cause. As the populations in the large cities boomed, a great strain was placed on the working class to produce food, build temples, clear rainforests, mine obsidian and jade, and do other labor-intensive tasks. At the same time, food was becoming more and more scarce. The idea that a hungry, overworked working class might overthrow the ruling elite is not too far-fetched, especially if warfare between city-states was as endemic as researchers believe. The Famine Theory Preclassic Maya (1000 B.C.–300 A.D.) practiced basic subsistence agriculture: slash-and-burn cultivation on small family plots. They planted mostly corn, beans, and squash. On the coast and lakes, there was some basic fishing as well. As the Maya civilization advanced, the cities grew, their population growing much larger than could be fed by local production. Improved agricultural techniques such as draining wetlands for planting or terracing hills picked up some of the slack, and increased trade also helped, but the large population in the cities must have put great strain on the food production. A famine or other agricultural calamity affecting these basic and vital crops could certainly have caused the downfall of the ancient Maya. Environmental Change Theory Climate change may also have done in the ancient Maya. As the Maya were dependent on the most basic agriculture and a handful of crops, supplemented by hunting and fishing, they were extremely vulnerable to droughts, floods, or any change in the conditions that affected their food and water supply. Some researchers have identified some climatic change that occurred around that time: for example, the coastal water levels rose toward the end of the Classic period. As coastal villages flooded, people would have moved to the large inland cities, placing added strain upon their resources while losing food from farms and fishing. So...What Happened to the Ancient Maya? Experts in the field simply do not have enough solid information to state with clear-cut certainty how the Maya civilization ended. The downfall of the ancient Maya was likely caused by some combination of the factors above. The question seems to be which factors were most important and if they were linked somehow. For example, did a famine lead to starvation, which in turn led to civil strife and warring upon neighbors? Investigations havent ceased. Archaeological digs are ongoing at many sites, and new technology is being used to re-examine previously excavated sites. For example, recent research, using chemical analysis of soil samples, indicates that a certain area at the Chunchucmil archaeological site in Yucatan was used for a food market, as had been long suspected. Mayan glyphs, long a mystery to researchers, have now mostly been deciphered. Sources: McKillop, Heather. The Ancient Maya: New Perspectives. New York: Norton, 2004. National Geographic Online: The Maya: Glory and Ruin. 2007. NY Times Online: Ancient Yucatn Soils Point to Maya Market, and Market Economy. 2008.

Murder and Manslaughter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Murder and Manslaughter - Assignment Example Murders are divided into first and second degree of murder. First-degree murder is when the accused planned and premeditated about the murder. It carries the highest penalties unlike second degree of murder that was not premeditated or planned (Great Britain, 2006). Manslaughter is illegal killing without malice though it disregards human life. Murder can be reduced to manslaughter in two ways. The first one is heat of passion and the second is imperfect defense of oneself or others. In order for a killing to qualify as caused by passion, the accused must have been provoked compelling him to act irrationally with intense emotion. Lastly, the provocation should be force an average person  to act recklessly. Murder can also be reduced to manslaughter if the accused killed to defend himself or another person. In a scenario where the victim posed a threat to another person’s life, and is killed because of the danger he posed, the accused should not be guilty. However, if the victim’s threat could not have injured the other person, the murder is reduced to manslaughter. The accused charged as per the laws of the country (Yeo & University of Sydney,

Organizational and Management Processes Within Health Systems Coursework

Organizational and Management Processes Within Health Systems - Coursework Example The health sector is citizens oriented and ought to live to the expectation of both the government and the public. Different players have a strategic responsibility, but this paper will focus on an internal aspect of Nigerian hospitals. The alignment of activities and resources in healthcare system are classically aimed at improving the quality of service and efficiency both in service delivery and utilization of resources (Merson et al., 2009. 16-21) Corporate culture plays a significant role in employee satisfaction and therefore service delivery. Managers play an important role in the creation of culture in an organization and learning it. This allows the management to separate cultural artifices with a positive impact on service delivery from non-progressive norms. There are many contending variables in the organizations culture. The changing needs and expectation of stakeholders like the contradicting needs of the patients, the providers and regulators create inconsistencies and send mixed signals. Moreover, it handles the maintenance of most inefficient practices and is, therefore, important that the discussion about organizational culture be started (Swayne, 2014. 17). Learning an organizational culture in health will allow managers to identify specific areas and norms that affect service delivery and its efficient utilization of resources. Culture to some degree is shaped by incentives and understanding it in health, allows the managers and regulators to identify specific areas they can encourage change or improvement. Culture determines how an organization does things. It is, therefore, imperative that progressive stagnant culture are separated and dealt with accordingly through identification (Watkins, 2013, 8-14) We should be moving towards learning organizational culture in health care systems. Culture is a factor that determines the quality of service

Judicial activism Essay Example for Free

Judicial activism Essay Judicial activism continues to attract a heated debate in many parts of the world. Judicial activism can in general terms be defined as judge legislating on the bench. Judicial activism is a situation where the presiding judge or jury issues a judgment on a case based on his or her political or personal thoughts. The judgment may also be based on pressures that emanate outside the constitution. Judicial activism therefore occurs when the court of law fails to abide by the provisions of the constitution in issuing judgment. There have been arguments in different parts of the world on different provisions that gives room for judicial activism. The basic argument has been due to the ability of judicial activism to result into violation of separation of powers of the legislature and the judiciary. This is because it gives the judge the power to create laws rather than conforming to interpretation of the existing law. This is the functions of the legislative arm of government. On the other hand, proponents of judicial activism have argued that it creates a situation where the judges’ rulings are not limited which gives room for the broader application of the law. Generally, judicial activism has been criticized because of the possibility of it being used by liberals or conservatives to create new laws by avoiding the traditional legislation processes that are subject to public opinions and debates (Roosevelt, 2008). It is important to note that the officials in the judiciary are appointee while the legislature is directly elected by the citizens in the country. This means that the judiciary does not have the ability to legislate. For this reason, judicial activism has been accused of being responsible for unacceptable judgments in the courts of law. It allows both conservatives and liberals in the justice systems to transgress the jurisdiction of the law court and make judgments that are inconsistent with the law of the land. Some people have defended judicial activism arguing that the judge does not create any law. However, the effects of the judge basing his judgment on his political and personal thoughts have the same effects as a written law. Both either limit or allow an action against an offender. Depending on the legal systems in a country, the level of judicial activism varies. For example, judicial activism has been found to be more likely in Canada compared to the United States due to the high dependence of Canadian judicial systems on judge’s discretion (Roosevelt, 2008). Judicial activism in Canada The Canadian judicial systems allows the judge to make judgments according to his interpretation of the constitution, the common law, acceptable policies in the judiciary and gives them discretionary powers in the rulings. This creates a room for judicial activism in the Canadian justice systems. However, it is important to note that there is eminent separation of powers of the judiciary and legislature in Canada. The traditions of the Canadian justice system have a very strong respect for the constitutional function of the legislature. It is the responsibility of the court and the justice systems to ensure that the law of the land is applied impartially as it is written (Kelly, 2006). The Canadian justice systems are based on the British and the French legal systems. These legal structures rely more on the judge’s discretion, the judicial policies as well as the common law. Therefore, compared to legal systems in other countries such as the United States, the Canadian systems are more susceptible to being accused of judicial activism. Consequently, there is a glowing concern over judicial activism in Canada as a response to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms where the judges have been accused of overstepping their mandates and making unreasonable judgments. Of greater concern is handling of cases involving same sex marriages where the judges have been accused of basing the judgments on their personal thoughts about the topic (Kelly, 2006). The Charter of Rights and Freedoms was enacted in 1882. This law was followed by other parliamentary and provincial enactments that have increasingly widened the scope of human rights and freedoms in Canada. The principle function of the charter and the subsequent legislation has been safeguarding the rights and freedoms of individuals in the country constitutionally. However, the big question has been whether the charter has been able to secure the rights and freedoms of all individuals living in Canada. There have been arguments that the law creates excuses for the judiciary and tribunals to deny Canadians their fundamental rights and freedoms and undermine the principles of democracy. Initially, the charter was praised by its admirers who argued that it was the greatest achievement in the history of Canada making it more democratic and just. However, some people have argued that the charter has done centrally to the expectation by empowering the judges to make unacceptable rulings (Kelly, 2006). According to Leishman (2006), before the enactment of the charter into law, the legislative bodies in Canada which includes the parliament and the provincial legislatures had well defined functions in the country which made them supreme. They had the constitutional authority to make new laws and amend or revoke the existing ones. However, the situation has changed since the enactment of the charter. Today, the judiciary has taken over the legislative duties as well as its judicial duties. It has become a common occurrence in the Canadian legal systems for judges and juries, who are not elected but appointed, to impose guidelines on key policy issues to the parliament and the provincial legislators who are elected democratically by the people. Democratically, these representatives are expected to form the legislative arm of government but the Supreme Court has dodged the principles of democracy and has allowed judges to legislate on the bench resulting into unacceptable and unrealistic judgments. Leishman (2006) provides several cases in the Canadian legal systems where the judges have made unacceptable judgments based on their personal ideologies about an issue. An analysis of these cases indicates that individuals, corporate organizations and social entities are affected by the unacceptable rulings in many ways. Some of the court ruling that is aimed at promoting rights and freedoms have in reality resulted into injustices and biasness because they are based on the judge’s personal opinion which may not be in the best interest of all individuals or entities involved in the case. An example of such as case was Linda Gibson‘s picketing case. Gibson was a pro-life advocate who had a personal opinion against abortion in the country. Being a victim of the traumatizing effect of abortion on the woman and having witnessed the negative effects of abortion for many years, she opted to picketing outside an abortion clinic in the city. In 1994, the court order was issued ruling against picketing within the vicinity of abortion clinic. This is despite the charter assuring all Canadians the freedom of expression. This is one of the cases where the judicial activisms have been used to impose unacceptable judgments which violate the fundamental rights of individuals. It is important to note that it is the role of the legislature to limit individuals’ rights and freedom while the courts are expected to make judgments based on reasonable interpretation of the law. Another important case which indicated the level to which the judiciary has overstepped its mandate is the Vreind v. Alberta case in which Delwyn Vriend, an employee at King’s University College, had appealed against his dismissal. He was accused of insubordinate behavior for wearing a shirt that mocked the conservative codes of conducts in the college that prohibited homosexuality. Due to pressure from some resentful students in the college, the administration was forced to dismiss Vriend. He appealed to the human rights commission in the province against the discriminative dismissal and eventually the case went before the courts. The court ruled against the college’s decision to dismiss the worker arguing that it was an act of discrimination based on sexual orientation. This form of discrimination was against the charter and related acts in the province (Leishman 2006). However, careful analysis of the case demonstrates that the decision was as a result of judicial activism which severely affected the college. It is important to note that by the time this ruling was made, no legislation in Alberta relating to human rights mentioned anything to do with sexual orientations. Moreover, the court admitted in its judgment that the legislature in the province had in many instances ignored the demands to incorporate provisions that related to the rights and freedoms relating to sexual orientations. The charter of rights and freedoms alike did not have any provision relating to sexual orientations. The parliament had rejected all proposals to include such provisions in the charter. This is a clear indication that the Supreme Court overstepped its jurisdiction by taking up legislative roles. It was wrong for the Supreme Court to ignore the decision by the legislative arms of government, who are directly elected by the people (Roach, 2001). Based on these ruling, where the judges ruled according to their personal opinions on the issue and not a reasonable interpretation of the law, the Supreme Court has made other ruling that favor homosexuality in Canada. For example, based on the Vriend case ruling, the court ruled in favor of same sex couples in the M. . H. case in 1999. The court argued that homosexuals should be granted equal rights according to the charter despite the legislature rejecting attempts to incorporate such provisions in the charter. The court was well aware of the failed attempts by the attorney general to legally allow homosexual couples to have the same rights as legally married couples. The legislatures being the people representative rejected the bill due to the public outcry and widespread objection. However, the court’s ruling on the M. v. H. case was very surprising (Cossman, 2002). Rather than amending the law, the court humiliated the legislature by giving it half a year to amend that law in order to grant homosexual couple equal rights and responsibilities. The legislature responded to the order by the court and amended the law by adding statutes that give homosexual couples the same rights as heterosexual couples. Although some people may argue that it is reasonable for the charter to protect the rights of all irrespective of their sexual orientation, it is interesting to note that the court was able to achieve a legislation function that the legislature was unable. There is no doubt that the court ruling ordering the legislature was uncalled for and unacceptable given that the two arms of government need to be separated. The role of the court is to interpret the law a while the legislative functions are bestowed on the legislature by the constitution (Christopher, 2001). There are several ways in which the law court can oversteps its mandate and make unacceptable rulings. The most interesting aspect of judicial activism in Canada is that the proponents of these moves by the court base their arguments on the charter on rights and freedoms. For this reason, the most common form of judicial activisms involves the court extending the rights and freedoms of an individual contrary to the provisions in the law. An example of such cases is the Vriend case where the court extended the rights of the complainant to include sexual orientation which is not included in the charter. The court can also make unacceptable rulings by increasing the powers of the judiciary. This is the case in the M. v. H. case. In this case, the court overstepped its constitutional function by ordering the legislature to amend the law accordingly. Although it is the legislature which passed the law, its role was to rubber stamp what the court had already legislated which is not acceptable (James, 2003). There are cases where the court has made unacceptable rulings by increasing the rights and freedoms of a group of people. These groups can be an ethnic community or groups with a certain ideological believe such as homosexuals, pro-life or pro-choice. For example, in the case of Linda Gibson‘s picketing case, the court made a unacceptable ruling which increased the freedoms of the pro-choice group while limiting that of the pro-life group. In the same way, by the court pushing for amendment of the law in the M. v. H. case, the court increased the rights of homosexuals (Leishman, 2006). Conclusion The enactment of the charter on rights and freedoms in Canada was seen by many as a revolutionary legislation in the history of the country. The law guaranteed all Canadians equal rights and freedoms. Unfortunately, the charter has turned into a threat to the citizens in the country because the courts have used it to defend unacceptable rulings that amount to judicial activism. In the enactment of the charter, the legislators rejected all attempts to incorporate issues related to homosexuals, pro-life and conservative Christian values. However, in many instances, the judges in the law court have overstepped their constitutional functions and legislated from the bench. The rulings are based on the personal and political ideologies and beliefs of the presiding judge which may not be in the best interest of the general public. Although some level of judicial activism may be essential in any democratic society, some resultant rulings are unacceptable.

James Langston Hughes :: Poet Poetry

Langston Hughes One of the most promising of the young Negro poets said to me once, â€Å"I want to be a poet—not a Negro poet,† meaning, I believe, â€Å"I want to write like a white poet,† meaning subconsciously, â€Å"I would like to be a white poet;† meaning behind that, â€Å"I would like to be white.† And I doubted then that, with his desire to run away spiritually from his race, this boy would ever be a great poet. But this is the mountain standing in the way of any true Negro art in America—this urge within to race toward whiteness, the desire to pour racial individuality into the mold of American standardization, and to be as little Negro and as much American as possible (Hughes, Modern Internet). As a successful writer, Langston Hughes was proud to be African American, a fact inherent in all his literary works. Hughes’ optimistic attitude that not all people are prejudiced provided impetus to take chances to get his poetry noticed. Intensely criticized by many Negro critics and intellectuals, Hughes wrote about oppression and other racial themes in his works and utilized a jazz and blues rhythm in conjunction with black urban language. James Mercer Langston Hughes’ writing was profoundly influenced by his life, his ethnicity, and the way he viewed the world around him. He never lost sight of the fact he was African American and wrote his poetry for the people not his critics or contemporaries. Vachel Lindsay greatly influenced Langston Hughes’ writing style. Hughes, wanting to hear Lindsay read his poetry and knowing he would not be allowed into the auditorium because of his ethnic background, dared to handwrite three of his poems and leave them beside Lindsay’s plate at a restaurant where Hughes worked as a busboy (Langston, Elements 378). Langston Hughes knew he would never be allowed to speak to the famous poet, and took a risk to give Lindsey handwritten poetry; he hoped the literary giant would notice and perhaps appreciate his work. Hughes was not ashamed of being African American or a busboy and that’s why he took the chance Lindsay would actually look at his work. Hughes’ ploy worked when the headlines of the local paper the next morning read that Vachel Lindsey claimed to have found the next great African American poet. Hughes, a well-educated and traveled writer by the time he was in his mid-twenties, enjoyed the clubs around Harlem, New York and other cities around the world where he traveled. These clubs heavily influenced the poetry written by Hughes.

Post-Apocalyptic Essay

Philip K. Dick leads his readers into understanding the relationship between humanity and the environment and how changes when humanity is struck with adversity. It is asserted that the human condition will continue to place importance on material possessions, although society and the possession itself changes in â€Å"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?† by Philip K. Dick. In the novel â€Å"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?† by Philip K. Dick the only humans left living on earth are able to prove superior social status with the ownership of an authentic animal. The owners begin a relationship with animals because they symbolize what’s left of mother-nature in which heightens an individual’s rank. The protagonist in the novel is Rick Deckard who is known as a bounty hunter. Since there is little life on earth he owns an electric sheep, but his neighbor Bill Barbour owns a Percheron Colt. In the novel Deckard beliefs: Humans are able to radiate their s ocial status through living animals. In the novel owning an animal is essential because there rare and significant in comparison to modern times when we take animals for granted. One of the main themes in the novel is empathy and they seem to only have it towards animals. Since they have killed off possibly all living things they are trying to grasp the little life left on earth. Having the possession of a real animal is seen as an economic gain. Rick Deckard is not too fond of his electric sheep because it’s not real and he does not feel he could feel empathy for and electric sheep.: The aftermath of World War Terminius has made every character value the small things in life. Rick says he wants more than a domestic pet he says, â€Å"I want what I originally had, a large animal. A sheep, or if I can’t get the money, a cow or a steer or what have, a horse.† (14) He will not settle for less, he wants something he could be proud of and have to showcase just like his neighbor Barbour that owns a real s tallion. This aspect of the novel displays human relationship to the environment only exists due to the deterioration of animal life. If it were not for the limited living animal circumstances then perhaps humans would not have empathy for the animals. It is apparent that  they did not take precaution before the war since they did not realize the damage of the war would jeopardize the environment ecosystem. So much so that Rick states, â€Å"having two animals is more immoral than not having any.†(10) This shows how limited real living animals are in 2021 and that no one should have more than one. Some people are unable to at least have one and Rick’s neighbor was considering having two. Deckard is bothered by his neighbor’s greediness to want more than one real animal. Especially after the fact that Ricks expresses to how he wishes he could own a real animal. This also shows how people have become one for one. They seem to have lot the possibility to care for one another throughout the novel, what is important now is their social status. This novel tries to send a message early on about the importance of our priorities as humans. American values have shifted over the years. According to an article on PBS called The Rise of American Consumerism it states â€Å"After World War II, consumer spending no longer meant just satisfying an indulgent material desire. In fact, the American consumer was praised as a patriotic citizen in the 1950’s, contributing to the ultimate success of the American way of life.† Spending on material goods was more than just a want it was a way of life. Americans at this time were getting over the depression and so once the economy began to rise so did there spending habits. The problem was not that they were spending but they were over spending on everything and anything. Since then the way that Americans spend has only increased. In the novel Philip K Dick writes from the future and shows the horrid side to the ways of Americans, and the outcome of human’s values. Dick challenges our perception towards humanity and animal life and convinces to make animal existence a priority. Throughout the novel Rick Deckard is portrayed in different perspectives. Deckard is really motivated as a bounty hunter, so he retires androids for a living and he depends on his income in order to purchase an animal. This reflects that the novel is relevant to American consumerism and how we look forward for a better economic status. In the novel, Animal consumerism is key, but not to consume to nurture and protect. And Americans are so common to consumerism that they well purchase anything and eat anything. That being said, we as Americans tend to be careless about what arrives on our dinner plates without  realizing that it was once a living thing. Dick’s novel brings awareness to our mindset that we should acknowledge the value of things instead of making them secondary and neglecting them. Its main focus is to give importance to mother â€Å"nature†. Ideas that are claimed throughout this novel are very concurrent to present time. The idea of empathy and how humans must feel alive through other living things is very powerful. Owning a real live animal most certainly is a way to keep humans grounded. Phillip K. Dick gives a theoretical statement on how we as human beings should give more recognition towards life values, or prepare to pay consequences that will lead to animal shortage. Work Cited Ewe Robot: ‘Philip K. Dick and Philosophy’ Academia.edu. Anthology ‘Philip K. Dick and Philosophy’. 24 May 2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. Dick, Philip K., and Philip K. Dick. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? New York: Ballantine, 1996. Print. WGBH. â€Å"General Article: The Rise of American Consumerism.† PBS by WGHB EducacationFoundation.Web.1996-2013.

Ford vs Chevy Essay

Fords are characterized by slightly higher displacement V8 engines (Ford 302 vs. Chevy 300, Ford 351 vs. Chevy 350, Ford 402 vs. Chevy 400). Ford is also a more economy minded producer in more modern times, while Chevy is less so because of the use of the Buick and Olds brands. In performance, Chevy engines are often slightly more powerful, the 350 normally produced a maximum of 310 hp opposed to the Ford â€Å"windsor† 351 that made 290. Ford is known for many smaller sized cars, like the Escort, Tempo, and Marshall, while many GM cars are Buick, Pontiac or the retired Oldsmobile–although there are some Chevy versions of the smaller cars. The Chevy Small Block V8 is a very versatile engine, having been used in every GM brand, by marine stern-drive companies and even in ultralight flying machines. It is a common hotrodding engine. The Ford Windsor is prized because it was the first pony-car engine. Ford is known to be the original pony-car manufacturer, starting witht he mustang, whose name (a breed of horse) created the term. Although with the flat-head V8 ford began the hotrodding trend in the ’32 duece roadster, starting in the 70s Chevrolet took control of hotrodding, mainly because ford went through many different engines (MEL, Lincoln Y-block, Ford Y-block, Ford FE, Ford Windsor, Ford Cleveland, Modular V8 or V10) while Chevrolet still makes similar engines to those found in ’60s corvettes and camaros, the Chevy Bigblock and Smallblock. As far as economy goes, there is very little difference between the two companies. It is interesting to note that both companies supplied parts for AMC cars–the gremlin could have a Chevrolet transmission hooked to a Ford 170 I6–proving there is in reality very little difference between their products. Between the Ford Galaxie and Mustang, and the Chevy Nova both companies garner much respect from hotrodding enthusiasts.

Charles Manson and the Tate-LaBianca Murders

Charles Manson and the Tate-LaBianca Murders On the night of August 8, 1969, Charles Tex Watson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, and Linda Kasabian were sent by Charlie to the old home of Terry Melcher at 10050 Cielo Drive. Their instructions were to kill everyone at the house and make it appear like Hinmans murder, with words and symbols written in blood on the walls. As Charlie Manson had said earlier in the day after choosing the group,  Now is the time for Helter Skelter. What the group did not know was that Terry Melcher was no longer residing in the home and that it was being rented by film director Roman Polanski and his wife, actress  Sharon Tate. Tate was two weeks away from giving birth and Polanski was delayed in London while working on his film, The Day of the Dolphin. Because Sharon was so close to giving birth, the couple arranged for friends to stay with her until Polanski could get home. After dining together at the El Coyote restaurant, Sharon Tate,   celebrity hairstylist Jay Sebring, Folger coffee heiress Abigail Folger and  her lover  Wojciech Frykowski, returned to the Polanskis home on Cleo Drive at around 10:30 p.m.  Wojciech fell asleep on the living room couch,  Abigail Folger went to her bedroom to read, and Sharon Tate and Sebring were in Sharons bedroom talking. Steve Parent Just after midnight, Watson, Atkins, Krenwinkel, and Kasabian arrived at the house. Watson climbed a telephone pole and cut the phone line going to the Polanskis house. Just as the group entered the estate grounds, they saw a car approaching. Inside the car was  18-year-old Steve Parent who had been  visiting the propertys caretaker, William Garreston. As Parent approached the driveways electronic gate, he rolled down the window to reach out and push the gates button, and Watson descended on him, yelling at him to halt. Seeing that Watson was armed with a revolver and knife, Parent began to plead for his life. Unfazed, Watson slashed at Parent, then shot him four times, killing him instantly. The Rampage Inside After murdering Parent, the group headed for the house. Watson told Kasabian to be on the lookout by the front gate.  The other three family members entered the Polanski home.  Charles Tex Watson went to the living room and confronted  Frykowski who was asleep. Not fully awake,  Frykowski asked what time it was and Watson kicked him in the head. When  Frykowski asked who he was, Watson answered,  Im the devil and Im here to do the devils business. Susan Atkins went to Sharon Tates bedroom with a buck knife and ordered Tate and Sebring to go into the living room. She then went and got Abigail Folger. The four victims were told to sit on the floor. Watson tied a rope around Sebrings neck, flung it over a ceiling beam, then tied the other side around Sharons neck. Watson then ordered them to lie on their stomachs. When Sebring voiced his concerns that Sharon was too pregnant to lay on her stomach, Watson shot him and then kicked him while he died. Knowing now that the intent of the intruders was murder, the three remaining victims began to struggle for survival.  Patricia Krenwinkel attacked Abigail Folger and after being stabbed multiple times, Folger broke free and attempted to run from the house.  Krenwinkel followed close behind and managed to tackle Folger out on the lawn and stabbed her repeatedly. Inside, Frykowski struggled with Susan Atkins when she attempted to tie his hands. Atkins stabbed him four times in the leg, then Watson came over and beat  Frykowski over the head with his revolver. Frykowski somehow managed to escape out onto the lawn and began screaming for help. While the microbe scene was going on inside the house, all Kasabian could hear was screaming. She ran to the house just as  Frykowski was escaping out the front door. According to Kasabian, she looked into the eyes of the mutilated man and horrified at what she saw, she told him that she was sorry. Minutes later,  Frykowski was dead on the front lawn.Watson shot him twice, then stabbed him to death. Seeing that Krenwinkel was struggling with Folger, Watson went over and the two continued to stab Abigail mercilessly. According to killers statements later given to the authorities,  Abigail begged them to stop stabbing her saying, I give up, youve got me, and Im already dead.   The final victim at 10050 Cielo Drive was Sharon Tate. Knowing that her friends were likely dead, Sharon begged for the life of her baby. Unmoved, Atkins held Sharon Tate down while Watson stabbed her multiple times, killing her. Atkins then used Sharons blood to write Pig on a wall. Atkins later said that Sharon Tate called out for her mother as she was being murdered and that she tasted her blood and found it warm and sticky. According to the autopsy reports, 102 stab wounds were found on the four victims. The Labianca Murders The next day Manson, Tex Watson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, Steve Grogan, Leslie Van Houten, and Linda Kasabian went to the home of Leno and Rosemary Labianca. Manson and Watson tied up the couple and Manson left. He told Van Houten and Krenwinkel to go in and kill the LaBiancas. The three separated the couple and murdered them, then had dinner and a shower and hitchhiked back to Spahn Ranch. Manson, Atkins, Grogan, and Kasabian drove around looking for other people to kill but failed. Manson and The Family Arrested At Spahn Ranch rumors of the groups involvement began to circulate. So did the police helicopters above the ranch, but because of an  unrelated investigation. Parts of stolen cars were spotted in and around the ranch by police in the helicopters. On August 16, 1969, Manson and The Family were rounded up by police and taken in on suspicion of auto theft (not an unfamiliar charge for Manson). The search warrant ended up being invalid because of a date error and the group was released. Charlie blamed the arrests on Spahns ranch hand Donald Shorty Shea for snitching on the family. It was no secret that Shorty wanted the family off the ranch. Manson decided it was time for the family to move to Barker Ranch near Death Valley, but before leaving, Manson, Bruce Davis, Tex Watson and Steve Grogan killed Shorty and buried his body behind the ranch. The Barker Ranch Raid The Family moved onto the Barker Ranch and spent time turning stolen cars into dune buggies. On October 10, 1969, Barker Ranch was raided after investigators spotted stolen cars on the property and traced evidence of an arson back to Manson. Manson was not around during the first Family roundup, but returned on October 12 and was arrested with seven other family members. When police arrived Manson hid under a small bathroom cabinet but was quickly discovered. The Confession of Susan Atkins One of the biggest breaks in the case came when Susan Atkins boasted in detail about the murders to her prison cellmates. She gave specific details about Manson and the killings. She also told of other famous people the Family planned on killing. Her cellmate reported the information to the authorities and Atkins was offered a life sentence in return for her testimony. She refused the offer but repeated the prison cell story to the grand jury. Later Atkins recanted her grand jury testimony. The Grand Jury Indictment It took 20 minutes for the grand jury to hand down murder indictments on Manson, Watson, Krenwinkel, Atkins, Kasabian, and Van Houten. Watson was fighting extradition from Texas and Kasabian became the prosecutions main witness. Manson, Atkins, Krenwinkel and Van Houten were tried together. The chief prosecutor, Vincent Bugliosi, offered Kasabian prosecutorial immunity for her testimony. Kasabian agreed, giving Bugliosi the final piece of the puzzle needed to convict Manson and the others. The challenge for Bugliosi was to get the jury to find Manson as responsible for the murders as those who actually committed the murders. Mansons courtroom antics helped Bugliosi accomplish this task. On the first day of court, he showed up with a bloody swastika carved into his forehead. He tried to stare down Bugliosi and with a series of hand gestures had the three women disrupt the courtroom, all in hopes of a mistrial. It was Kasabians account of the murders and of the control that Manson had over the Family that nailed Bugliosis case. She told the jury that no family member ever wanted to tell Charlie Manson no. On January 25, 1971, the jury returned a guilty verdict for all defendants and on all counts of first-degree murder. Manson, like the other three defendants, was sentenced to death in the gas chamber. Manson shouted, You people have no authority over me, as he was led off in handcuffs. Mansons Prison Years Manson was originally sent to San Quentin State Prison, but was transferred to Vacaville then to Folsom and then back to San Quentin because of his constant conflicts with prison officials and other inmates. In 1989 he was sent to Californias Corcoran State Prison where he currently resides. Because of various infractions in prison, Manson has spent a considerable amount of time under disciplinary custody (or as prisoners call it, the hole), where he was kept in isolation for 23 hours a day and kept handcuffed when moving within the general prison areas. When not in the hole he, is kept in the prisons Protective Housing Unit (PHU) because of threats made on his life. Since his incarceration, he has been raped, set on fire, beaten several times and poisoned. While in PHU he is allowed to visit with other inmates, have books, art supplies, and other restricted privileges. Over the years he has been charged with various crimes including conspiracy to distribute narcotics, destruction of state property, and assault of a prison guard. He has been denied parole 10 times, the last time in 2001 when he refused to attend the hearing because he was forced to wear handcuffs. His next parole is 2007. He will be 73 years old. Source:Desert Shadows by Bob MurphyHelter Skelter by Vincent Bugliosi and Curt GentryThe Trial of Charles Manson by Bradley Steffens

Age of Majority in Canada

Age of Majority in Canada The age of majority in Canada is the age at which a person is considered by law to be an adult. A person younger than the age of majority is considered a minor child. The age of majority in Canada is determined by each province and territory in Canada and varies between the ages of 18 and 19. At the age of majority, the responsibility of parents, guardians, or child protective services generally ends. However, child support is determined by the court or agreement for each case and therefore may continue past the age of majority. Upon reaching the age of majority, the new adult now has the right to vote. Other rights may be achieved at younger ages, while some are reserved for ages past the age of majority. Age of Majority by Province or Territory in Canada The age of majority in the individual provinces and territories of Canada is as follows: Alberta:  18British Columbia:  19Manitoba:  18New Brunswick:  19Newfoundland and Labrador:  19Northwest Territories: 19Nova Scotia:  19Nunavut:  19Ontario: 18Prince Edward Island:  18Quebec:  18Saskatchewan:  18Yukon Territory: 19 Legal Age in Canada The legal age is set for various rights and activities and is also known as the age of license. It may or may not match the age of majority in a province or territory. Even when it does, there may be other conditions such as mental capacity that can restrict some individuals.  Legal ages also often  differ as to whether the individual needs the consent of a parent or guardian or not for an activity. It is important to check the laws and regulations of each jurisdiction to find the applicable legal age for an activity. Because the age of majority varies between 18 and 19, nationwide programs such as sweepstakes often limit entry to age 19 for consistency. Criminal responsibility begins at age 12 in Canada, with individuals protected by the Youth Criminal Justice Act until age 17. By age 14, a youth could be sentenced as an adult. The right to work begins at age 12, with the consent of a parent or guardian. At age 15, the individual can work without the need for consent. However, a person is not entitled to a full minimum wage until age 18. Joining the armed forces is allowed with parental consent at age 17 and without consent at age 19. The legal age is as low as 12 for the right of consent for being adopted, working with the consent of parent or guardian, or name changes with permission of the parent or guardian. Age of Consent for Sexual Activity in Canada The general age of consent in Canada in 16. However, there are exemptions for close-in-age sexual activity, which depend on the age of the younger partner. At age 12 and 13, an individual can consent to activity with a person no more than two years older. At age 14 and 15, a person may consent to activity with another person less than five years older.

Russian Revolution and Europe in 1920-1930's Essay

Russian Revolution and Europe in 1920-1930's - Essay Example This leaded to the foundation of the new government for the development of the country. There were economic and social changes in the country due to this revolution. The social structure was changed in Russia. Even the British Ambassador Sir George Buchanan advised Tsar Nichols II to "break down the barrier that separates you from your people to regain their confidence" (Russian Revolution of 1917 page1). The impact of the revolution leaded to change in economical condition. The cities and the industries had grown after the revolution. The villagers also migrated to industrial works to strengthen their economic condition. The middle class also made a growth. The new class of capitalist was forming in the Russia. The social changes were also occurred. As the economic condition was strengthen due to urbanization the thinking was also changed in people about the society. Now the people were thinking for changing their social status by contributing to the government. Even they are looking forward for solving their problem like sanitary problem, low wages problem by meetings and dialogues. After the end of World War-I various treaties were signed by the European countries which destabilized their economic condition... There was a demand for paying the compensation. There were many restrictions imposed on the Germany. There were many other consequences of the World War-I., new countries like Austria, Hungary were born as a result of the war. Many parts of the Europe like Galicia; Trieste etc. were given allotted to countries like Poland, Italy etc. respectively. These transformations of region were due to many treaties like Treaty of Saint-German on 10 September, 1919 and Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920 (Wikipedia Page1). Many governments and empires had fallen due to this war like end of Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Svres was signed for this on August 10, 1920. Thus the political structure was de-stabilized by all these outcomes of war in Europe. The major blow was to the governments of Germany, Turkey kingdom etc. The economic status of the loser countries in the Europe was damaged. The structural blow was also there as the many cities were extinguished as a result of the war. Thus the people also failed in believing their governments. Thus the political situation in many countries was changed due to the war and treaties signed after the war in compromise by the loser countries. The Adolf Hitler was the chancellor of Germany from1933. He remained the leader of Germany up to his death from 1933. He was the leader of his Nationalist Socialist German Party. He was the leader in Germany who asked the people to enter in World War. He founded the Nazism. Mussolini was the